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The Impact of Smart Water Management Systems (SWMS) on Water Distribution Efficiency in Urban Areas: A Case of Zanzibar Water Authority Efficient Water Distribution; Smart Water Management Systems; Water Conservation; Urban Water Management.
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Abstract
Urban areas in developing countries face persistent water-distribution challenges, primarily due to
high non-revenue water (NRW), aging infrastructure, and population growth. The Zanzibar Water
Authority (ZAWA) has introduced Smart Water Management Systems (SWMS) to improve efficiency
and reduce losses. However, there is limited empirical evidence on how these systems influence water
distribution performance and customer satisfaction. A descriptive quantitative research design was
adopted, involving 107 respondents drawn from ZAWA staff and urban water users. Primary data
were collected through questionnaires and analysed using descriptive and multiple regression
techniques in SPSS 26 to assess the contribution of SWMS components—system integration, data
accuracy, automation, maintenance, and user training—to the distribution efficiency and consumer
satisfaction. Results revealed that SWMS significantly enhanced water-distribution efficiency and user
satisfaction (R² = 0.79). Smart metering, automated pressure control, and real-time leak detection
were the most influential factors (β = 0.692, p < 0.001). Additionally, user training and optimized
automated controls exhibited positive and statistically significant effects on perceived reliability and
service quality. The study concludes that strengthening SWMS features, improving automated
response mechanisms, and enhancing user training can markedly increase customer satisfaction and
operational efficiency in urban water distribution. Water utilities should prioritize continuous
technological upgrades, predictive monitoring, and capacity building to achieve sustainable water
management outcomes.
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References
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