Assessing the Relationship Between Credit Risk Indicators and Financial Performance of Tanzanian Commercial Banks Commercial banks; Credit risk; financial performance

Main Article Content

George Lazaro
Proches Ngatuni
Julius Manyanda

Abstract

The study examines the effects of credit risks on the financial performance of commercial
banks in Tanzania. Secondary data, which were obtained from the audited financial
statements of twenty-eight commercial banks in Tanzania from 2010 to 2022, were
employed in this study. The data were collected from the websites of the Bank of Tanzania
and the commercial banks. Return on assets (ROA) or return on equity (ROE) were used as
financial performance measures, while the Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) to Gross Loan
Loss Reserve (LLR) to Gross Loans (GL) and Loss Reserve (LLR) to Gross Loans (GL)
were used to measure credit risk. Since there were no audited financial statements
available for some banks, we had to leave out 12 banks from this study .This study used
balanced panel data regression to explore how credit risks affect the financial
performance of commercial banks in Tanzania. A balanced panel helped to make sure that
each bank is observed within the same time frame, which improves the consistency and
comparability of estimates. This method works well since it controls for differences between
banks and changes over time. 

Issue Section: Finance and Accounting

Article Details

References

Agbamuche, F. A., and Yusuf, A. A. (2022). The effects of credit risk on the financial performance of quoted deposit money banks. International Journal of Management, Social Sciences, Peace and Conflict Studies (IJMSSPCS), 5(2), 75–85. ISSN: 2682-6135.

Al-Malkawi, H. (2019). The impact of credit risk on the financial performance of Jordanian banks: A comparative analysis between Islamic and conventional banks. Journal of Risk and

Arifaj, A. H., and Baruti, B. H. (2023). The effect of credit risk on the financial performance of commercial banks in Balkan countries. Corporate and Business Strategy Review, 4(3), 18–25. https://doi.org/10.22495/cbsrv4i3art2

Bank of Tanzania BOT (2019).Tanzania Financial Stability Report.

https://www.bot.go.tz/Publications/Regular/Financial%20Stability/sw/2024062708424951.pd

Barakova, M., Dimitrova, D., and Mihaylova, V. (2020). Credit risk and financial performance of Bulgarian commercial banks. Journal of International Studies, 13(3), 187–198.

Batekele, H. and Maseka, L. (2025) The Effect of Credit Risk Management on the Bank’s Profitability: The Evidence from Commercial Banks in Democratic Republic of the Congo. Open Journal of Business and Management, 13, 2143-2162.https//. doi: 10.4236/ojbm.2025.133111.

Boateng, K. (2019). Credit Risk Management and Performance of Banks in Ghana: the ‘Camels’ Rating Model Approach. International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI), 8(2), 41–48. Retrieved from https:// www.ijbmi.org /

Cheng, L., Nsiah, T. K., Charles, O., and Ayisi, braham L. (2020). Credit risk , operational risk , liquidity risk on profitability. A study on South Africa Commercial. XXIX(5), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.24205/03276716.2020.1002

Ekinci, R., and Poyraz, G. (2019). The effect of credit risk on the financial performance of deposit banks in Turkey. Procedia Computer Science, 158, 979–987. doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.09.139

Farooq, S., Khan, R. M., and Gilal, M., A. (2020). Credit risk and profitability of commercial banks in Pakistan. Global Economics Review, 5(1), 75-89. Retrieved from www.fjfci.fuoye.edu.ng ISSN: 2805-3664 (Print) ISSN: 2814-1733

Kaaya, I., and Pastory, D. (2013). Credit Risk and Commercial Banks Performance in Tanzania: A Panel Data Analysis. 4(16), 55–63. Retrieved from http://www.cbe.ac.tz

Kaimu, A., and Muba, S. (2021). The Relationship between Credit Risk and Financial Performance: Evidence from Commercial Banks in Tanzania. East African Journal of Business and Economics, 4(1), 22-33.doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.4.1.478

Kasoga, P.S. and Tegambwage, A.G. (2024). The effect of attitudes towards money on over-indebtedness among microfinance institutions’ customers in Tanzania. Applied Research in Quality of Life. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-024-10294-0

Merton, R. C. (1974). On the pricing of corporate debt: the risk structure of interest rates.

Moundigbaye, M., Rea, W. S., & Reed, W. R. (2018). Which panel data estimator should I use? A corrigendum and extension. Economics: The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal, 12(2018-4), 1-31.

Munangi, E., and Sibindi, A. B. (2020). Impact of Credit Risk on the Financial Performance of South African Banks. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 24(3), 1–15. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net

Oduro, R; Asiedu, A.M and Gadzo, M.S(2019). Impact of credit risk on corporate financial performance: Evidence from listed banks on the Ghana stock exchange. Journal of Economics and International Finance,11(1), pp. 1-14.doi.org/10.5897/JEIF2018.0940

Oyasor, E.I. (2024). An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Credit Risk Management on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Nigeria, 5(3), 830 – 843. https://doi.org/10.61194/ijtc.v5i3.1664

Pallant, J. (2020) SPSS Survival Manual. A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using IBM SPSS. 7th Edition, Routledge, London. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003117452

Plumper, T., and Troeger, V. E. (2005) Panel data analysis in comparative politics: Linking method to theory. European Journal of Political Research, 44(2), 327–354.

Rahmanullah, R. (2021). The Effects of Credit Risk on the Profitability of Commercial Banks in Afghanistan. Journal of Asian Finance Economics and Business477-489.doi:10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no7.047

Sabore, M. M. (2025). Assessment of the Impact of Credit Risk on the Financial Performance of Listed Commercial Banks in Tanzania. International Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4(1), 34-44. https://doi.org/10.37284/ijfa.4.1.284

Saunders, A. and Allen, L. (2020) Credit Risk Management in and out of the Financial Crisis: New Approaches to Value at Risk and other Paradigms. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Hoboken. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118267981

Saunders, M., Lewis, P., and Thornhill (2019). A Research Method for Business Students. Pitman Publisher.https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mark-Saunders-10/publication/330760964

Shrestha, N. (2020). Detecting multicollinearity in regression analysis. American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 8(2), 39–42. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajams-8-2-1