EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT PRACTICES IN TANZANIA: A CRITICAL REFLECTION

Main Article Content

Robert D. Zembazemba

Abstract

This paper critically examines Tanzania's current educational assessment system.Using critical reflection, the author argues that the current educational assessment model deprives students and their parents the rights they deserve in the practices affecting the final examination results.The purpose of this paper is to stimulate discussions along democratization of educational assessment in Tanzania. Inspired by Tanzania's participation in the Open Government Partnership (OGP) global initiative, this paper recommends a Full Democratic Assessment System (FDAS) which considers total openness to stakeholders as a key component of good educational governance from preschool education to tertiary/higher education in order to build a lasting democratic culture for current and future citizens.

Issue Section: Business Education

Article Details

References

Biesta, G. J. J. (2006). Beyond learning: Democratic education for a human future. London:Paradigm Bourguignon, F. and Verdier, T. (2000). Oligarchy, democracy, inequality and growth. Journal of Development Economics, vol. 62, pp. 285-313. Castello-Climent, A. (2008). On the distribution of education and democracy. Journal of Development Economics, vol. 87, pp. 179-190. Curtis, W and McDonnell, J.(2011). Implementing democratic assessment in higher education: Learning from an actionresearch project with students. A research report presented at the Annual Research Conference of the Society for Research into Higher Education held on 7-9 December 2011 at the Celtic Manor Resort,Celtic Manor, Newport , Wales.Cutright, P. (1969). National Political Development: Measurement and Analysis. In Eckstein, M. and Noah, H. (eds), Scientific Investigations in Comparative Education. New York: MacMillan Davies, L.(2002). Possibilities and Limits for Democratisation in Education. Comparative Education, Vol.38(3):251-266.Evans, G. and Rose, P. (2007). Education and support for democracy in sub-Saharan Africa: Testing mechanisms of influence. Afrobarometer Working Paper, No. 75. Green, J.M. (1999). Deep democracy. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers HakiElimu.(2011).Litigating the Right to Education in Tanzania:Legal, Political, and Social Considerations and Potential Applications. Dar es Salaam.Unknown PublisherHakiElimu.(2013). Open BudgetSurvey Report 2012. HakE Brief,No 1E,2013.Dar es Salaam:Unknown PublisherHall, R. and Rossouw, W.(2000). Assessment: Transforming policy into practice. A paper presented in the conference with the theme The Democratic Transformation of Education in South Africaorganized by the University of Stellenbosch’s Department of Educational Policy Studies, in collaboration with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation (KAF), held at the Stellenbosch Lodge Country Hotel on 27 and 28 September, 2000. Harber, C. (2002). Education, democracy and poverty reduction in Africa. Comparative Education,vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 267-276. Levinson, M.(2011). Democracy, accountability, and education. Theory and Research in Education, July 2011

: 125-144Lipset, S. M. (1963). The First New Nation. New York: DoubledayMbise, E-R.(2015). Service Quality Measurement in Tanzania Business Schools. Business Educational Journal, Volume 1,Issue 1,33pp.Mncube, V.(2008). Democratisation of Education in South Africa: Issues of social justice and the voice of learners. South African Journal of Education,Vol.28,N0.1, Feb.2008MOEC (Ministry of Education and Culture).(1995).Education and Training Policy. Dar es Salaam: Unknown PublisherNeuberger, B. (2007). Education for democracy in Israel: Structural impediments and basic dilemmas. International Journal of Educational Development,vol. 27, pp. 292-305 Ndunguru, A.F.(2015). Higher Education in Tanzania: Appraising the Extent of Stakeholders Participation in Decision Making: A Case Study of the College of Business Education.Business Educational Journal, Volume 1,Issue 1,19pp.OGP-Tanzania.(2012). The Open Government Story in Tanzania. A Leaflet by the Open Government Partnership-Tanzania under the Coordinator of Good Governance-Office of the President of the United Republicof TanzaniaPuhl, C and De Klerk, J.(2000). Democratic values and content-specific language teaching and learning: Experiences in the Northern Cape. A paper presented at the conference with the theme The Democratic Transformation of Education in South Africaorganized by the University of Stellenbosch’s Department of Educational Policy Studies, in collaboration with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation (KAF), held at the Stellenbosch Lodge Country Hotel on 27 and 28 September, 2000. Rolfe, G., Freshwater, D.,and Jasper, M. (2011). Critical reflection in practice, 2nd ed., New York: PalgraveSanderson, S.K. (2004). “World democratization, 1850-2000: a cross-national test of modernization and power resource theories”, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, August, 2004. SIDA.(2005). Education, Democracy and Human Rights.Stockholm: Department for Democracy and Social Development, SIDA Education DivisionSteyn,J.(2000). Balancing quality and equality in educational transformation. A paper presented in the conference with the theme The Democratic Transformation of Education in South Africaorganized by the University of Stellenbosch’s Department of Educational Policy Studies, in collaboration with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation (KAF), held at the Stellenbosch Lodge Country Hotel on 27 and 28 September, 2000.UNDP.(1993). Human Development Report. Oxford: Oxford University PressUNICEF.( 1995). The State of the World's Children. Oxford: Oxford University PressWejnert, B. (2005). Diffusion, development and democracy, 1800-1999. American Sociological Review, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 53-81.WyEMU (Wizara ya Elimu na Mafunzo ya Ufundi).(2014). Sera ya Elimu na Mafunzo. Dar es Salaam:Unkown Publisher