MOTIVATION FACTORS TOWARDS INTENTION FOR SELF-EMPLOYMENT AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS IN TANZANIA
Keywords:
Motivation, Self-employment, and EntrepreneurshipAbstract
The purpose of the study was to find-out motivating factors for College students in Tanzania t employ themselves. The data were collected from 146 third year students from the College of Business Education (CBE) and the Institute of Financial Management (IFM). The respondents filled questionnaires on Likert scale of seven points to measure the level of agreement on the need for achievement, social influence, desire to grab market opportunities, perception on the flexibility of the self-employment aspect and desire for self-employment. The multiple regression was conducted to measure the level of influence. The results confirmed that the need for achievement, social influence, market opportunities, behavioral intention (future), need of self-employment and not salary employment are motivating factors for Tanzania college students to employ themselves.
Â
References
Abel, J.R., Deitz, R., Su, Y (2014), “Are Recent College Graduates Finding Good Jobs?†Federal Reserve Bank of New York: Current Issues in Economics and Finance, Vol. 20, No 1.
Baumol, W., (1996), “Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive and Destructiveâ€, Journal of Business Venturing
Barringer, B.R and Ireland, R.D (2008), Entrepreneurship: Successfully Launching New Venture, (2nd Ed), Pearson International Edition
Bosompen, M., Dadzie, S.K.N. and Tandoh, E (2017), Undergraduate Students’ Willingness to Start Own Agribusiness Venture after Graduating
Charney, A. and Libecap, G.D., (2000), Impact of Entrepreneurship Education, Insights: A Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership, Kansas City, MO
Dawson, C. and Henley, A (2012), “Push†and “Pull†entrepreneurship: an ambiguous distinction?â€, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, Vol 18 No 6
Douglas, E. J and Shepherd, D.A (2002), “Self-employment as a career choice: attitudes, entrepreneurial intentions, and utility maximizationâ€, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 26 No. 3
Feldman, D.C and Bolino, M.C (2000), “Career patterns of the self-employed: career motivations and career outcomesâ€, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol.38 No.3
Gibb, A. (1993), “The enterprise culture and education: understanding enterprise education and its links with small business, entrepreneurship and wider education goalsâ€, International Small Business Journal, Vol. 11 No.3
Gilad, B and Levine, P (1986), “A behavioral model of entrepreneurial supplyâ€, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol.24 No 4
Haase, H and Lautenschlager, A., “Career Choice Motivations of University Studentsâ€, Internatinal Journal of Business Administration, Vol. 2, No 1.
Hisrich, R.D., and Drnovsek, M (2002), “Entrepreneurship and small business research- a European perspectiveâ€, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol.9 No.2
Kolvereid, L and Isaksen, E (2006) New Business Start-Up and Subsequent Entry into Self-Employment, Journal of Business Venturing, No 21 Vol 6
Kuratko, D.F and Hodgetts, R (2004), Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process, Practice, 7e, South-Western.
Jones, P., Miller, C., Jones, A., Packham, G., Pickernell, D., and Zbierowski, P (2011), “Attitudes and motivations of Polish students towards entrepreneurial activityâ€, Journal of Education and Training, Vol 53 No. 5
Leal, E.A., Miranda, G.J. and Carmo, C.R.S (2013), “Self-Determination Theory: An Analysis of Student Motivation in an Accounting Degree Programâ€, Conference Paper Third Meeting of Teaching and Research in Management and Accounting, Joao Pessao (2011)
Mukyanuzi, F (2003), “Where has all the education gone in Tanzania? Employment outcomes among secondary school and university leaversâ€, Institute of Development Studies (IDS), University of Sussex
Mbura, O, (2007), The role of entrepreneurial networks in the acquisition of marketing information resources (PhD Thesis), University of Dar es Salaam.
Mwasalwiba, E (2013), University Entrepreneurship Education in Tanzania: Teaching Context, Students’ Profile, Expectations and Outcome, VU University, Amsterdam
National Burea of Statistics (NBS), 2006
Nchimbi, M.I. (2003) Gender and Entrepreneurship in Tanzania: A Comparative Analysis of Male-Female’s Start-Up Motivation, Individual Characteristics and Perceptions of Business Success,(PhD Thesis), University of Dar es Salaam.
Olomi, D.R (2009) African Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development: Context and Process, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Otme Company ltd.
Peel, S and Inkson, K (2004), “Contracting and careers, choosing between self and organization employmentâ€, Career Development International Vol. 9 No 6
Praag, C.M., and Cramer, J.S., (2001), “Why women enter into entrepreneurship: an explanatory modelâ€, Women in Management Review, Vol.16 No.5
Rosti, L. and Chelli, F., (2009), “Self-employment among Italian Female Graduatesâ€, Education + Training, Emerald Insight.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., and Thornhill, A. (2009), Research methods for business students, 7e, Pearson Education, USA.
Segal, G., Borgia, D. & Schoenfeld (2005), “The motivation to become an entrepreneurâ€, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, Vol.II Iss: 1
Voisey, P., Cornal, L., Jones, P. and Thomas, B., (2005), “Development a model for a “ladder of incubation†linked to higher and further education institutions in Walesâ€, Industry and Higher Education, Vol.19 No. 6
Wang, L., Prieto, L., Hinrichs, K.T., and Milling, H.A (2012), “A cross-cultural study of motivation for self-employmentâ€, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, Vol. 18 No 6
Wolnicki, M. (2006), “Jobless growth: a new challenge for the transition of Polandâ€, International Journal of Social Economics, Vol 33 No. 3
World Bank Report, 2017
