IMPROVING PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY IN TANZANIA THROUGH KAIZEN: A REVIEW OF EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

Main Article Content

Gordian S. Bwemelo

Abstract

This paper sets out to establish whether KAIZEN practices can contribute to the enhancement of service quality and productivity in the public sector in Tanzania. Currently, KAIZEN is still at its newest stagebeing applied in a few hospitals and very few Small Scale Manufacturing Enterprises (SSMEs).Using a narrative literature review approach, the study reviews 11 research-based articles to extract evidence on the applicability of KAIZEN in public service organisations. The study reveals that although KAIZEN originated in the manufacturing environment, its principles and practices translate well into other work situations including health services, public authorities, banks, education et cetera. The paper concludes that KAIZEN is applicable to the public service and it can drastically improve operational efficiency, service quality and reduce costs in that sector. The paper recommends that the government should adopt KAIZEN and incorporate it into all its public sector reform programmes as a strategic tool towards improvement of public service organisations’ overall effectiveness and performance

Issue Section: Business Education

Article Details

References

Alsyouf, I. (2007). The role of maintenance in improving companies’ productivity and profitability. International Journal of production economics, 105(1), 70-78.Al-Tahat, M.D. & Eteir, M. (2010). Investigation of the potential of implementing KAIZEN principles in Jordanian companies. Int.J. Production Development, 10(1/2/3), 87 -100.Barnes, T. (1996). KAIZEN strategies for successful leadership.London: Pitman.Bhuiyan, N. & Baghel, A. (2005). An overview of continuous improvement: from the past to the present. Management decision, 43, 761 -771.Bullington, K. E. (2003). 5S for Suppliers. Quality Progress, 36(1), 56 -59.Caterall, K. J. (2008). A Lean view on an Eastern Cape Logistics Service Provider.Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences.Chakrabarty A. & Tan K.C. (2007). The current state of six sigma application in services. Managing Service Quality, 17(2), 194-208.Collins, K. and Muthusamy, S. (2007). Applying the Toyota production system to a healthcare organization: a case study on a rural community healthcare provider. The Quality Management Journal, 14(4), 41-52.Cooper, K., Keif, M. & Macro, K. (2007). Lean Printing Pathway to Success.Sewickly: PIAIGATF.Damrath, F. (2012). Increasing competitiveness of service companies: developing conceptual models for implementing Lean Management in service companies.Thesis, Politecnico di Milano.Ford, R. (2007). A Study of Using the Principles of Lean, KAIZEN, and Six Sigma at the Ocala Police Department to Improve Customer Service to the Community.Retrieved September 17, 2015, from https://www.fdle.state.fl.us/.../Ford-robin-paper-pdf.aspx ·Galsworth, G. D. (2005). Visual Workplace: Visual Thinking.Portland: Visual-Lean Enterprise Press.Gapp, R., Fisher, R., & Kobayashi, K. (2008). Implementing 5S within a Japanese context: an integrated management system. Management Decision, 46(4), 565-579.Greif, M. (1991). The Visual Factory: Building Participation through Shared Information.Portland: Productivity Press.Hammer M, Champy J and Tathan R. L.(1993). Reengineering the Corporation:A Manifesto for Business Revolution.New York: Harper Collins.

bej18Hirata, R. (2001). Implementation of 5S in Mexico.Retrieved September 15th, 2015, from http://www.keisen.com/documentos/Implementation%205S-in-Mexico.PDFHough, R. (2008). 5S Implementation Methodology. Management Services, 52(2), 44-45.Howell, V. W. (2009). 5S for Success. Ceramic Industry,, 159(7), 17 -20.Imai, M. (1986). KAIZEN: The key to Japan's Competitive Success.New york: Random.Kollberg, B., Dahlgaard, J. J., & Brehmer, P. O. (2006). Measuring lean initiatives in health care services: issues and findings. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 56(1), 7-24.Lewis, B. R., & Clacher, E. (2001). Service failure and recovery in UK theme parks: The employees' perspective. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 13(4), 166-175.Liff, S. & Posey, P.A. (2004). Seeing is Believing: How the New Art of Visual Management Can Boost Performance throughout Your Organization.New York: AMACOM.Liker, J. K. (2004). The Toyota Way: 14 Management Principles from the World's Greatest Manufacturer.New York: McGraw-Hill.Liker, J. K. (2004). The Toyota Way: 14 Management Principles from the World's Greatest Manufacturer.McGraw-Hill.Lufunyo, H. (2013). Impact of public sector reforms on service delivery in Tanzania. Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research, 5(2), 26 -49.Mann, D. (2005). Creating a Lean Culture: Tools to Sustain Lean Conversion.New York: Productivity Press.Melton, T. (2005). The Benefits of Lean Manufacturing: What Lean Thinking has to Offer the Process Industries. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 83(6), 662-673.Mmbando, C. (2012). Evaluation of the 5S Philosophy at Kilema Designated District Hospital.Kilema Designated District Hospital.Modi, D.B. & Thakkar, H. (2014). Lean Thinking: Reduction of Waste, Lead Time, Cost through Lean Manufacturing Tools and Technique. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 43, 339 -343.Parrie, J. (2007). Minimize waste with the 5S system. PFM Production, Primavera.Parry, G. C. & Turner, C E. (2006). Application of Lean Visual Process Management Tools. Production Planning and Control, 17(1), 77-86.Patten, V. (2006). A Second Look at 5S. Quality Progress, 55 -59.Pettersen, J. (2009). Defining lean production: some conceptual and practical issues. TQM JOURNAL, 21(2), 127-142.Piros, A. (2013). The Effectiveness of 5S Practices towards Organizational Performance: Studies in Federal and State Agencies in Sarawak.Retrieved January 15th, 2016, from https://www.academia.edu/7871934/Poornima, M. C. (2011). Total Quality Management.Dorling Kindersly (India) Pvt. Ltd, Licensee of Pearson.Sallis, E. (2002). Total QualityManagement in Education (3rd Ed.).Sterling VA: Stylus Publishing Inc.

bej19Samky, E., Kiwelu, H., Ishijima, H. & Dibogo, R. (2012). Improve Revenue Collection with KAIZEN Approach in Public Hospital.Mbeya Consultation Hospital, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).Sarkar, D. (2007). Lean for Service Organizations and Offices: A Holistic Approach for Achieving Operational Excellence and Improvements.USA: ASQ Quality Press.Seddon, J. and O'Donovan, B. (2010). Rethinking Lean Service. Management Services, 54(1), pp. 34 -37.Shahin, A., & Ghasemaghaei, M. (2010). Service poka yoke. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 2(2), 190 -201.Shija, M. G. (2012). Experiences in Achieving Quality Health Services at Kigoma Regional Hospital through Implementation of 5S Concepts.Kigoma Regional Hospital.Shingo, S. (1989). A Study of the Toyota Production System from an Industrial Engineering Viewpoint.Portland: Productivity Press.Spear, S. (2005). “Fixing health care from the inside, today”. Harvard Business Review, 3(8), 78-98.Sua ́rez-Barraza, M. F. and Lingham, T. (2008). KAIZEN within KAIZEN teams: continuous and process improvements in a Spanish municipality. The Asian Journal on Quality, 9(1), 1 -21.Suarez, B. M. F., Smith, T., & Mi Dahlgaard-Park, S. (2009). Lean-KAIZEN public service: an empirical approach in Spanish local governments. . Lean-KAIZEN public service: an empirical approach in Spanish local governments. , 21(2), 143 -167.Suarez, B. M. F., Smith, T., & Mi Dahlgaard-Park, S. (2009). Lean-KAIZEN public service: an empirical approach in Spanish local governments. The TQM Journal, 21(2), 143-167.Suárez, B.M. F., & Ramis, P. J. (2010). Implementation of Lean-KAIZEN in the human resource service process: a case study in a Mexican public service organisation. . Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 21(3), 388-410.Sudharsan. S., & Bhaskar, S. (2013). Reducing Electrical Faults in Pumps Using Pokayoke. International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Development, 2(3), 106 -117.Titu, M.A., Oprean, C. & Grecu, D. (2010). Applying the KAIZEN Method and the 5S Technique in the Activity of Post-Sale Services in the Knowledge-Based Organization. Proceedings of the International Multi-Conference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, III.Hong Kong.TKU. (2013). Project of Strengthening Manufacturing Enterprises through Quality and Productivity Improvement (KAIZEN).KAIZEN Progress Report, Ministry of Industry and Trade, Dar es Salaam.URT. (2010). National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) II.Vargo, S. L. and Lusch, R. F. (2004). The four service marketing myths remnants of a goods-based, manufacturing model. Journal of Service Research, 6(4), 324 -335.Walley, P., Stephens, A., & Bucci, G. (2006). Evaluation of the lean approach to business management and its use in the public sector. .Wiljeana J. G., Jennifer A. F., Eileen M. V., & Toni L. D. (2011). Critical success factors for the sustainability of KAIZEN event human resource outcomes: An empirical study. International Journal of Production Economics, 132(2), 197–213.Womack, J. (2011). Gemba walks.Cambridge, MA.

bej20Womack, J. P. & Daniel T. J. (2003). Lean Thinking.Free Press. .Womack, J. P., Jones, D. T., & Roos, D. (1990). The machine that changed the world.New York: Simon & Schuster. .Yeow, P. H., & Sen, R. N. (2006). Productivity and quality improvements, revenue increment, and rejection cost reduction in the manual component insertion lines through the application of ergonomics. International journal of industrial ergonomics, 36(4), 367-377.Yokozawa, K., Steenhuis, H. J. & de Bruijn, E. J. (2010). Recent experience with transferring Japanese management systems abroad. Journal of Strategic Management Studies, 2(1), 1-16.